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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS+) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  • #Ultrasound System>General Imaging
  • writerTommaso Vincenzo Bartolotta MD, PhD Alessia Orlando MD
  • date2019.12.25
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer worldwide (80-90% of all primary liver malignancies)[1] Hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus infection, alcohol, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are the most predominant risk factors for HCC worldwide.[2] Patients with cirrhosis are particularly considered a high-risk group for the development of HCC and they undergo regular surveillance by means of Ultrasound (US) usually performed every six months. Unfortunately, Despite technical advance in both spatial and contrast resolution, gray-scale US is still considered a non-specific technique for the diagnosis of focal liver lesions (FLLs), including HCC.[3] Doppler examination may provide some clues to the diagnosis; for example, a spoke-wheel pattern associated with the arterial wave form in a pulsed Doppler evaluation many be highly suggestive, although not pathognomic of focal nodular hyperplasia in otherwise healthy young woman talking oral contraceptives.[4] Furthermore, Doppler US can only assess large vessels (i.e., >100 μm), and it is prone to motion artifacts.